The 1998 AFPF Fellows at our pre-departure gathering in Washinton DC 

By Angela Agoawike

It was a group photograph of the staff of the Post Gazette posted on Facebook by the PG’s illustrious former foreign editor, Greg Victor, that made me aware of the impending closure. Thereafter, I googled: ‘is the Pittsburgh Post Gazette closing?’ read it and got to understand better, the reason for the closure.

 According to the publishers - the Block Communications-,  the newspaper has, for the past two decades, experienced financial loss of over 350 million dollars. Also cited as contributing to the impending closure was a court ruling that, according to The Guardian of London (Post Gazette will not allow me read the story without a subscription), reinstated  the “terms of a 2014 - 2017 labour agreement between the company and the Newspaper Guild of Pittsburgh, which embarked on a 3 years strike” after Block Communications was said to have “unilaterally, implemented changes to working conditions, including health care”. The publisher had said that the court ruling “imposes on the Post-Gazette, outdated and inflexible operational practices unsuited for today’s local journalism”.

 Without taking sides, I would say that it is a tough position to be in for either party. As a worker, you want the best for yourself. That is your primary source of income, plus you have a family to care for - children to clothe and educate, plus bills to pay. So, you have a legitimate need for improved working conditions. A labourer deserves his/her wages.

 Then, as an employer, you are running a business and that business is expected to  generate income with which to pay those that work to grow the business. As a business owner, you also have so many responsibilities including statutory obligations to meet. The business serves the employer and the employee and none should take undue advantage of the other.

 However, if you are running a business that for decades has run at, not just a loss, but one running into more than 300 million, I dare say that you have to find ways to cut your cost, and at some point, make a decision about that business. They come with impact and repercussions.

 You see, when I applied for, and was chosen as one of two winners from Nigeria of the prestigious Press Fellowship that allowed me to experience the Post Gazette, I was the Woman’s Page editor at the Post Express Newspaper in Apapa, Lagos. The Fellowship gave the Fellows an opportunity to live and work in the United States for 6 months. Post-AFPF Fellowship, I was the features editor, and later became the Editor of the Sunday edition of the Post Express Newspaper - The Post Express on Sunday. I also had the opportunity to equally edit the Daily Times on Saturday and National Interest on Saturday.  So, I have a fairly good idea of what it takes to either work for, or be a manager in the legacy media.

 It was not the only Fellowship I had  received in the course of my career, and going for the AFPF programme was also, not my first trip to the United States, as I had been there twice previously to cover the UN Preparatory Committee Meetings on the establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC). This, however, was special: I was actually going to practise my profession in the United States.

 We had come from different parts of the world - Doyin Adedeji, my co-winner from Nigeria, Ramyata Limbu (Nepal), Harvier (Uruguay), Vaguinaldo Marinheiro and Cristina Masuda (Brazil), Florencia Arbisher (Argentina), Shareen Singh and Phylicia Opelt (South Africa), Hanan Hamad (Egypt), Rory Rostand (Trinidad and Tobago. I reconnected with Rory in Port of Spain while working at the Gas Exporting Exporting Countries Forum, of which T&T is a member country), Adnan Adil (Pakistan), Moise Mannan Haque, (India), Agneizka Kosowicz,  (Poland)  and Eric Shimoli (Kenya), gathered at the Lincoln Suits in Downtown DC, for an orientation programme that took us to  the University of Maryland, and a sit-in at one of the White House’s Press briefings, before we were dispatched across the country for a five-month-hands-on newsroom experience in some of the best newspaper organisations in the country.

 The Post-Gazette was one of the  great institutions in the city of Pittsburgh, with John Craig as the editor. Staff were expected to turn in copies that would stand the test of time. It was in this establishment located on Number 33 Blvd of the Allies in Downtown Pittsburgh that I found myself. I felt that I was there to let those unaware, become aware that somewhere in the world, on the incredible continent of Africa, there was a country with intelligent and multi-culturally beautiful people called Nigeria.

 Outside of geographical and social construct, my sojourn at the Pittsburgh Post Gazette opened me up to a different reporting style. One of the most memorable stories I did was a report on AIDS in the Black community. On the day that I shared this front page bye-line with one of PG’s great reporters Ed Levin, I also wrote an obituary piece. I was to understand later that obituary pieces and front page bye-lines were the editor’s favourites, and I scored both on my debut.

 The death of  Chief M. K. O. Abiola was announced shortly after I arrived the PG in July of that year.  Expectedly, it fell on me to write a piece on his death and the impact that would have on Nigeria, I was prepared, having covered that election for then Sunday Times, alongside my editor, Ejiro Gray Onobrakpeya, in his official white and red painted Peugeot 504. The election was annulled by then self-styled President, General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida.  I had also covered much of the push back/resistance - murders, demonstrations, secret meetings by human rights communities - that accompanied the annulment.  Reflecting and writing on Abiola’s death from afar was a sobering reminder of the risks many, including my colleagues (senior and contemporaries) who dared challenge authoritarian power faced, and also, the cost of unfinished democratic struggles in my country, even decades after.

 While working at the Post Gazette, I was privileged to cover a reception held for the visiting former vice President, Dr Alex Ekwueme, who was vying to fly  his party - the People’s Democratic Party’s flag in the 1999 Presidential election, by Professor of robotics engineering, Barth Nnaji, who had made Pittsburgh home. Engaging with stories like his reinforced the importance of spotlighting Nigerian excellence around the world. I was also privileged to interact with the next generation of journalists, through my talks with students at the University of Pittsburgh, sharing my experiences and insights as a journalist from a country some of them may never have heard of.

 The fellowship, which was at the height of the Clinton-Lewinsky White House ‘Affair’, also coincided with America’s 1998 election. Tom Ridge was the Governor of Pennsylvania and he visited the PG. I remember one of the staff asking him: “Governor, would you like a cup of coffee?” Governor Ridge said yes, and coffee was brought to him in a plastic cup, the type everyone was using. And yet again, one of the candidates vying for a local position was forced to pull out of the race because the media, including the PG, took him to task on the impropriety of using an helicopter to spy on his opponent in his home. I also remember an instance that the freedom of information law was invoked to get the record of a traffic offense.

 Sally Karlson, a colleague at the PG had agreed to rent the attic of her home to me even before I arrived.  Her beautiful house on Squirrel Hill, stood at an intersection of the road that was bordered by a Cemetery. I remember my first night there, with nostalgic smile. Sally and her family were departing for a planned summer holiday, trustfully leaving me, a total stranger alone in their house. To “protect” myself form any ‘eventuality’, I kept a kitchen knife beside me as I slept that first night. Poor knife, I wonder what it would have done for  me had there been any intruder. Sally also introduced me to some of her friends, and at one point, organised a cooking session that brought many of her female friends together for us to each prepare a meal that was local to us. I believe I cooked jollof rice, what else!

 The way I was embraced by Sally’s family, especially her lovely mum Edna, who despite her advanced age, took me to visit flower gardens and other public places was awesome.  I remember asking Sally why of all the people in the newsroom, including blacks, she volunteered her space. Her response was one I never forgot. She told me that she grew up in an environment where the only blacks she came in contact with were those who came to work and leave, and she wanted to have the experience of interacting with other blacks. For that, she also, consciously enrolled her daughter Zoe, in a school with black pupils. Indeed, we are not responsible for what happened before we were born, but we can help change the trajectory of our now, and be the architect of our future.

 With Sally’s home as my base, I explored Pittsburgh, and other residential neighborhoods such as Duquesne, Allentown, Shadyside, Mount Washington etc.  I read as many books as I could at the Barnes and Noble bookstore on Squirrel Hill. I also bought loads of them that I brought  back to Nigeria  at the end of my Fellowship. Pittsburgh, with its multi-cultural identity, the multicultural make-up of my own country, — reinforced my appreciation for journalism that is practised locally, but impacts globally.

 The Fellowship afforded me the opportunity to also re-visit New York during our mid-term reunion, and travel to Jackson Hole, Wyoming with Shareen and Hanan for  the summer Camp of the Journalism and Women Symposium (JAWS). While conversing among ourselves about how we’d love to go see the geysers in nearby Montana, there was a gentleman man sitting by us. You can imagine our surprise and happiness when one of the participants - a Washington Post Editor approached us to say that the husband told her we would like to visit Montana, we said yes and she told us that her husband would take us.  I also travelled to Houston, and visited Florencier in San Antonio, both in the State of Texas.

 As I reflect on those six months in 1998, triggered by the looming shut down of the PG, I remain profoundly grateful to the Alfred Friendly Press Fellowship for the opportunity, and to the colleagues at the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette who opened their arms and embraced me in their newsroom - Dorothy (Dot) Conway, with whose family I spent Thanksgiving, David my mentor, Greg Victor, among others, whose names I cannot easily remember. Most importantly, I remember the lady at the ‘canteen’ who always remembered my order - ice cream and pop corn or coke and pop corn.

 And as it prepares to shut its doors permanently, after 240 years, I remember a Post Gazette that helped to sharpen my reporting skills, expand my worldview, and strengthen my commitment to people-centred journalism.

 Now I run my own media organisation - a radio station called Omalicha 91.1FM (listen to us via www.omalichamedia.com). I always think of the  community-focused reporting that I gained from the PG, and my efforts to introduce that to radio broadcasting, bearing in mind the proximity of radio to the community.  

Generally, the media plays a tripple function - keeping government accountable, performing social responsibilty role and is also a business. In order to effectively perform the first two roles, it needs to thrive as a business. To marry these competing needs, something needs to be done differently, the playbook needs to change.

 The Block Communications said that they regretted the impact their “decision to shut down will have on Pittsburgh and the surrounding region”. As a proud alumni of the Pittsburgh Post Gazette, I share in that regret. I feel for the people who will lose a trusted ally, in the PG, and the great journalists who will be thrown out of employment come May 2026. 

 Our reasons for visiting places — even during Yuletide homecomings — are varied and often overlapping. 

Sometimes it is curiosity about geographical marvels that blends with the desire to reconnect with memory or the simple craving for inspiring locations. It could be to satisfy a yearning that remains constant within us. At the heart of it, almost all humans share an impulse: to encounter something fresh, novel and, at times, historic.

In Anambra State this Yuletide, residents and visitors alike are being offered precisely such historical experiences, alongside a rich array of cultural staples that speak to both pleasure and understanding the real meaning of life through 'Onwa Dezemba' festivities.

 In 'Onwa Dezemba,' the state’s carefully curated end-of-year and New Year cultural menu, the period, Boxing Day through Sunday, 28 December, is dedicated to masquerading across major urban centres such as Awka, Onitsha, Nnewi and Ekwuluobia. Designated as days of Igba Mmanwu — masquerade performances — these dates provide a public stage for some of the artistic traditions that have long distinguished Anambra State on the global cultural map.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) recognises Anambra for its rich masquerade heritage. Foremost among these is the Ijele, a monumental performance masquerade that symbolically links the living, the dead and the unborn. Inscribed as a world cultural heritage, Ijele is complemented by other internationally acclaimed performance forms rooted in the state, including Atilogwu and Egedege. The Igba Mmanwu dates thus invite audiences to step into Anambra’s streets to witness living spectacles, while also becoming participants in the world history they represent. As a UNESCO-endorsed “World Living Heritage of Collective Memory and Cultural Tourism”, an Ijele performance transforms the spectator to part of that collective memory.

To appreciate the place of masquerades among the Igbo — and particularly among Ndi Anambra — a brief exploration of what Ijele represents as both art and value system is instructive.

Across many societies, culture endures not solely in monuments, but in living practices that embody a people’s worldview, ethics and social organisation. Among Ndi Igbo of South-Eastern Nigeria, the Ijele masquerade stands as one of the most profound expressions of such living heritage. Far more than performance, Ijele operates as a symbolic system through which community memory, social order and ancestral authority are distilled into a single artistic form. UNESCO recognises it as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of outstanding global significance and as a potential pillar for sustainable cultural tourism and heritage policy.

Aesthetically, Ijele uniquely embodies collective identity through its scale, structure and symbolism. Philosophically, it is known as Nnukwu Mmanwu — the great masquerade. Towering several metres high, it dominates the performance space, reflecting its status as the moral and cultural apex of masquerade traditions. Its multi-tiered construction mirrors Igbo cosmology, symbolising the interconnected realms of the ancestors, the living community and future generations.

Adorning Ijele’s expansive costume are miniature figures representing artisans, traders, leaders, animals and other elements of everyday life. These figures are not decorative flourishes; they are statements of inclusivity, affirming that society is whole only when every role is recognised. In this sense, Ijele functions as a moving archive of communal life and shared values.

Notably, Ijele is not an aggressive masquerade, yet it embodies unquestioned authority. Its slow, deliberate movements and measured rhythms symbolise restraint, wisdom and order. This reflects a core Igbo political philosophy in which legitimacy derives from consensus, moral standing and communal respect, rather than coercion.

Ijele, therefore, is simultaneously a cultural institution, a philosophical statement and a living archive of Igbo civilisation. By offering tourists and holidaymakers the opportunity to engage with such icons, Anambra State presents a compelling model of how tradition, creativity and community governance intersect within the convivial spirit of the season.

 Yet Ijele is only one strand in Anambra’s vast masquerade repertoire. Long before modern cultural policy and UNESCO listings, Igbo masquerades had already confounded colonial observers who described them as "uniting sculpture, costume, music and dance into a single, highly organised art form.”

Some Anambra communities own over a hundred masquerade forms. The excitement is that they all have unique dance patterns and peculiar drumbeats. They are performed by very proud age grades members, families or clans and other social groups. In same manner, there are families known for distinct art in masquerading such as mask-carving or costumes creation or facilitating the ease-of-perfomance of given masquerades. In Umuoji, Idemili South Local Government Area, for instance, the annual Uzo Oyi festival in March features more than sixty masquerades, appearing as wild beasts, giant birds, lions, tigers and elephants, among others. Many communities across the state maintain their own distinctive masked traditions, often accompanied by memorable dance forms performed by energetic young men.

Across Anambra, masquerades such as Agaba, Okwomma, Ulaga, Igaliga, Ajibuusu, Achakwu, Ikpachi, Wonder, Ekete, Okworocha and Atu are widely known, alongside deeply mystical forms like the fearsome Ajo Ofia and the long-necked Oza Ebune masquerades, which appear mainly in village squares across Ihiala, Ogbaru, Ekwusigo and Nnewi South Local Government Areas.

Indeed, through the 'Igba Mmanwu' session of the 'Onwa Dezemba' fiesta Anambra State's Solution Government of Gov. Chukwuma Soludo delves into a seldom projected property of Igbo identity and values — masquerades. The early 20th century Anglican missionary and ethnographer, G. T. Basden who lived among the Igbo for decades and wrote extensively about their culture. In 'Among the Ibos of Nigeria' (1921), acknowledged the richness of Igbo music, dance and ritual art, even while writing from a missionary worldview. His words: “The Ibo people possess a natural sense of rhythm and music which finds expression in their dances, chants and festivals. Their ceremonies are marked by a remarkable combination of colour, movement and sound."

Setting aside a few evenings to savour these masquerade performances is therefore, a highly recommended Yuletide indulgence. 'Onwa Dezemba' is all the richer for having Igba Mmanwu at the heart of its cultural programme.

• Nnabuife, author and Managing Director of Anambra State Civic and Social Reformation Office (ANCISRO) writes from Awka

As the month of July drew to a close, a large section of Nigeria’s media managers gathered in  Abuja for a media sustainability conference on future-proofing Nigeria’s journalism.

 The conference, which held over two days was jointly put together by the Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF), MacArthur Foundation, and the Dr Theophilus Abba-led Daily Trust Foundation.

 Alongside the media managers in attendance were hundreds of journalists, media teachers and media NGOs from Nigeria, Kenya, and South Africa that gathered under one roof, for vibrant and lively discussions of issues such as media sustainability and national accountability, support for independent media and lesson’s learnt, sustainable and thriving: the agile media organisation, habits of sustainable media organisations, maximising revenue in media operations, realities of doing journalism and running sustainable media business in Nigeria and tools and strategies for future-proofing media businesses, which were delivered as solo presentations and moderated discussions.

 Under these themes, participants discussed how to build strong, profitable media businesses, as according to Harlan Mandel, managing director of the MDIF, good ideas and solid strategy will not save a newsroom without strong leadership, which could make or break  the organisation’s journey of sustainability.

 Dr. Kole Shettima, director of Nigeria’s office of the MacArthur Foundation, in his keynote address sought to proffer some thoughts on the question of the role of media in strengthening accountability.

 Other key note speeches were given by Dapo Olorunyomi, publisher of Premium Times and CEO of Centre for Journalism Innovation and Development, Bilal Randeree, Chief Program Officer of MDIF, Prof. Umaru Pate, Vice Chancellor, Federal University Kashere, Kabiru Yusuf, and Kabiru Yusuf, Chairman, Media Trust Group. Catherine Gicheru, NAMIP Advisory Chair led other members of the Board comprising Ruona Meyer, Motunrayo Alaka and Prof Suleiman Yar’adua in a discussion on the Lessons from NAMIP Advisory Committee.

In addition to the keynotes were more than ten presentations in the forms of of panel discussions, fireside chat and workshops by  the NAMIP team.

Goodwill messages were delivered by the Minister for Information and National Orientation Muhammad Idris, representatives of the Newspaper Proprietors Association of Nigeria, NPAN, Nigerian Union of Journalists, NUJ, Nigerian Guild of Editors, NGE and International Press Institute, IPI.

The Conference preceded the close-out event of the MDIF programme in Nigeria - the Nigerian Media Innovation Programme, NAMIP, which ran for 3 years.  

Twenty-seven independent media organisations across the country formed the nucleus of the programme, which main objective was “working to increase capacity, generate sustainable and diverse revenue streams, and build audiences of independent media in Nigeria, particularly those reaching underserved communities”.

 For the cohort members, NAMIP provided real opportunities for mentoring, through workshops and training on sales, marketing and leadership institutions.

 So said John Momoh, Chairman of Channels Media group at the opening of the 2025 biennial Convention of the Nigerian Guild of Editors, of which he was the Chairman.

 Through his address, the Channels boss encapsulated the essence of Enugu,  as a regional capital, a State and a State capital. Enugu, indeed, carries with it, the nostalgia of what was possible, what used to be, what was lost and seemed unrecoverable, but gradually rising, just like the phoenix.

 Enugu State, according to its Governor Dr Peter Mba, is a state re-imagining itself. At the heart of what is shaping up be the resurgence of Enugu, the State, is that strength to heal back to its recognised status as centre of learning with the Smart Green School project, and as a  place where one can reside, learn and do business in peace, thanks to the vision of one man and his team, who are working round the clock to turn the fortunes of the State around for the better.

 So, what is the smart green school all about?

According to the governor, our smart schools mark a transformative link in education.

 The Smart Green School project was initiated to address the lacuna in the Enugu State education programme. According to Dr. Chinyere Onyeishi, Special Adviser to the Enugu State Governor on Education Innovation, and Director, Experiential Learning, ‘over the years, there had been lots of challenges facing education in the state. This includes the high rate of out-of-school children, inadequate infrastructure, lack of teachers, soft skills, curriculum update, capacity building and technology innovation. Then of course, there is hunger that keeps some children out of school.

 But here’s the thing: irrespective of the words  used to describe the Enugu Smart Green School project, Omalicha FM’s visit on June 28 to the Owo Campus in the Nkanu Local Government Area of the State, as part of the project tour by the Guild of Editors team that was in Enugu for its annual convention, left one with the overarching feeling, that the smart schools initiative has been designed to change the face of education in Enugu state. Reason is that it embraces an integrated format that is both technical and technology driven.

 Embedded in the smart schools project is the construction of modern buildings, driven by technology and equipped with digital skills for today’s ‘digital natives’, described by Dr Onyeishi, an expert in computer and robotics education, as children born from the year 2000, while of course, not leaving out the ‘digital immigrants’, people like us, who have to learn how to co-habit the digital space with the natives.

 In these schools, technology, learning and living are integrated, such that a child of age 3 years in rural Enugu state, is being deliberately introduced to an educational system that equips her with tools for life in the digital space via access to smart boards, internet and uninterrupted solar energy to power the learning.

 As part of creating a system that is self-sufficient, in preparation for life in the digital space, the smart green schools project also produces food that the children consume, with some extra sold and proceeds ploughed back into the system to ensure its sustainability. The green farm complex is an integral part of the Smart Green Schools project. At the Owo campus, for instance, the pupils rear chicken, plant food crops and vegetables such as plantain, tomato, cucumber and poultry. 

 Leading the team to the Owo Campus of Smart School project was the State’s Commissioner for Works, Engineer Gerald Otiji, who allayed the concerns expressed by  Omalicha FM as to the accessibility of this initiative to all children in the state, especially in the rural communities. He assured that that would not constitute any obstacle as the Smart Green School project is to be replicated in the 260 political wards in the state, and access is free to the children of Enugu state.

 Now let’s look at security and the Central Command & Control Centre

It is one thing to embark on expansive infrastructural development. It is yet another to ensure the security of such projects and those that use them.

Security, it is said, is everybody’s business, but that is also one subject that details are hardly thrown out in the public domain.

 Not withstanding, in Enugu, the signs of a secure city, represented by marked surveillance cars fitted with communication gadgets, dote strategic locations in the metropolis and entry points, thanks to the State’s Central Command and Control System, with its enabled-Artificial Intelligence cameras that watch over the state, while the residents either sleep or go about their businesses.  This is because according to the Governor,

 “Security if foundational. That’s why we’ve built a command and control centre powered by cutting edge innovation enabling 24/7 surveillance across our communities. It’s goal is simple: prevent crime where possible, and respond swiftly where necessary.  Since we came into office, we have reduced crime by 80%”

 Governance indeed, is not rocket science. It’s more about having a vision and exploring resources, taking actions and providing instruments towards achieving that vision.

 As Governor Mba said while inaugurating the States Security Trust Fund in February 2025, the “outlaws that once held our people hostage have either been neutralized or fled. We have substantially reduced crime rate. Statistics attesting to that abound. We can further glimpse this in the fact that night life has returned in full swing. Streets that were desolate and deserted have regained their groove.”

This is a narrative Nigerians across the country are waiting to hear from the chief Security Officers of wherever they are residing. If Enugu State can do it and eliminate the retrogressive non-state actor-induced and enforced Monday sit-at-home order that once kept people indoors on Mondays, then it can be done elsewhere in the southeast where people are still forced to stay home due to the fear of the unknown. 

 An interesting feature of Enugu, as a resurgent city (and State), lies in the ability of the State’s Chief executive and his team of passionate men and women to revive old projects that once made Enugu a city of dream:

 With the level of construction going on in the State, the revival of the Asphalt Plant in the state becomes most relevant, just like the NigerGas Company in Emene .

 At NigerGas, one of the managers described the resurgence of the plant this way:

 “It’s only a government that has the people at heart that does this kind of thing. It’s a turnkey project and a very big at that, because with this is the beginning of industrialisation and without industries, you know the consequences. So, all we are saying is that it’s done already...we don’t have much time for it again. The capacity is 100 cubic metres, and that means we can get 72 cylinders”

 That is not saying that there are no new projects, there are and these can be seen in the frenzied construction geared towards bringing to life, the New Enugu Smart City, and the Enugu Air, the state-owned Airline which has since the visit and now, roared off to the skies on its way to different parts of country via the Akanu Ibiam International Airport, an important gateway for the projected traffic of 3 billion visitors expected to join in building a future economy which the State CEO put at  $30bn.

 At an interactive session with the Governor, Omalicha 91.1FM sought to know from Gov Mba how his vision for the state, anticipated youth rural-urban migration and infrastructural needs in the communities. To this, the government said that rather than rural-urban migration, Enugu is experiencing the reverse and more people are moving back to the rural communities. “Part of what we are experiencing in Enugu,” the governor said, “is actually the other way round, where we have a lot of people from the urban migrating to the rural areas, and that is largely because the style of leadership we have here is all-inclusive. We are not leaving any part of the state out. So, our programmes, for example in education is where the 260 electoral wards have a project of over a billion Naira going on at the same time...”

Bold vision. Bold steps by the Administration, but will it indeed turn this storied city and state around? 

In the words of John Momoh,  “for many young people across this region, the shadows of the Biafra war still linger. Not just in stories passed down, but in real feelings - feelings of exclusion and pain.” 

As regional capital and state, Enugu has seen it all, but there comes the period to rebuild, renew, be resilient and hopeful just like the phoenix. Look no further for as the slogan all over the state proclaims  -“tomorrow is here”.

Reported by Angela Agoawike

Restoring Water Supply: Community-led Water Prification and Distribution Projects in Azaraegbelu

- A Solution Journalism Report by AMARACHI ADIMUKO and STANLEY AKALONU

Nigeria is presently facing water stress as a result of climate change, limited water source, and old amenities. The combination of these factors has led the country to experience a 20% reduction in available water per capita per day.

Communities can take charge of providing safe and reliable water for their members, especially where government or large-scale infrastructure may fall short. This often involves local initiatives that use simple, cost-effective methods to purify and distribute water. This approach promotes sustainability, resilience, and empowerment, as it enables communities to address water needs through localized solutions.

Access to clean and safe water remains a fundamental necessity for communities, especially in rural and semi-urban areas. In response to water scarcity and the need for sustainable solutions, a solar-powered borehole project was initiated to provide a reliable water supply to the people of Azaraegbelu; a village in Azara-Ubo Emekekuku, Owerri North L.G.A., Imo State.

The solar-powered borehole project was launched in 2022 as a donation by Hon. Engr. Ikenna Elezianya; through one of the illustrious sons of Azaraegbelu, Hon. Donald Anyanwu who was also the supervisor of the project. The project aims to address the long-standing water challenges faced by the community, ensuring access to potable water while promoting renewable energy solutions.

The President General of Azaraegbelu community, Mr. Chukwuemeka Solomon Oluharaotu, in an interview during the course of the report, highlighted the events that led to the initiation of the project and it's impacts on the community.

(Insert voice) 

Architect Chibuzor Opara, the central Youth president of Azaraegbelu Noted the changes in the community in terms of water supply and consumption, narrating a personal experience. He also mentioned that the water is neat and safe for consumption.

INSERT YOUTH PRESIDENT

A community member of Azaraegbelu, Mr. Anselem Nnamdi Uregbuo, commended the initiator of the project and concurred that the borehole is neat and safe for drinking, he also noted that this kind of project was equally carried out in other neighboring communities in Azara-Ubo Emekekuku.

(Insert voice) 

Another member of the community, Mrs. Ngozi Obinna Isiguzo, expressed her satisfaction with the project noting it’s impact on the community.

(Insert voice) 

The President General of Azaraegbelu community Mr. Chukwuemeka Solomon Oluharaotu, noted that they’ve not experienced any challenges with the project so far, he also mentioned that the project is self maintained, as it pumps by itself and also that it can’t be vandalized because his people are disciplined.

(Insert voice) 

Although, this particular project is not a community led project but the people also carried out a similar project in response to a problem that would have arose due to the Federal road dualization; as it has made it difficult and dangerous for community dwellers whose houses are on the other side of the road to cross over and fetch water. The President General narrating his personal experience noted that the community, through his administration decided to revitalize a borehole donated to them over two decades ago by one of their daughters and even converted it to a solar powered borehole.

(Insert voice) 

The Azaraegbelu community’s approach demonstrates valuable insight into sustainable problem-solving at the grassroots level. By choosing solar energy to power the borehole, they found a way to avoid ongoing costs and operational challenges associated with fuel and electric pumps. The collective contribution model also reveals the power of community solidarity and the resourcefulness of community-led projects in meeting essential needs when public services fall short.

While the solar powered borehole provides a reliable solution, there are limitations to consider. The project relies on consistent sunlight to power the solar pump, which may present challenges during the rainy season or prolonged cloudy days but in response to this challenge, the leadership of Azaraegbelu community did not entirely convert the old borehole to solar powered borehole, they did it in such a way that the water can also be pumped using electricity or generator during the rainy season.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) In January 2025, the African Region reported 17,644 new cholera cases across 11 countries, marking a 13% decrease from December 2024. The majority of cases were reported from South Sudan (10 833), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (3853), Angola (1081), Nigeria (786), and Ghana (675).

 Therefore, the immediate impact of this initiative is evident as all community members now have access to clean, safe drinking water, reducing health hazards associated with the previous contaminated river water. Health improvements, such as fewer waterborne illnesses, along with greater satisfaction among residents who no longer need to fetch or buy clean water, serve as measurable indicators of success for the community’s efforts.

This report is brought to you by Omalicha Radio 91.1FM owerri, Supported by Nigeria HEALTHWATCH.

By RITA CHIKWE

One of the problems Nigeria is currently facing is soil erosion - both sheet and gully erosion due to natural and human causes. Erosion has a devastating effect on many people's lives and destroys essential infrastructure for economic development and poverty alleviation. According to " The Nigeria erosion water shed management project ( NEWMAP), Gully erosion contributes to environmental problems and damage, estimated at over 100 million dollars annually mostly in south Eastern Nigeria. However, the situation goes beyond what the communities, local government, states and federal government can address as it needs the intervention of development partners. Severe environmental degradation appears to be threatening the long-term development prospects of countries all over the world, particularly  developing countries such as Nigeria.

 According to Hishman (1993) the issue of protection of the environment became a topical debate in rio de Janeiro, brazil in June 1992. The World Bank estimates that more than a million people in sub- Saharan Africa still live in acute poverty and suffer gross inadequate access to resources required to give them opportunity for economic development. Development if it is to be sustainable should be environmentally safe, socially and economically equitable. Here in Imo State, a community Amachara Avuvu in Ikeduru LGA has lamented over the dilapidated site of their road which has been ravaged by flood and erosion. Amachara people are farmers and are  popularly known for their palm wine production. According to history, they migrated from Inyishi to Azaregbelu in search of greener pastures due to bad road caused by flood and erosion, their  farming activities was grossly affected as there is no motorable road that leads outside the community to owerri town where the Farmers can sell their farm products.  Sources from the community disclosed that during the tenure of his excellency Sam Mbakwe, Amachara has a connecting road linking from Azaregbelu to Avuvu, Amakohia, Amuzu Ahiazu mbaise down to Owerri -Umuahia road.

(Insert voice)

The erosion in Amachara Avuvu is located at an area called Azunwuolu. The Azunwuolu has become a valley. It is the major road that connects the village to other villages in avuvu. Azunwuolu was named after a woman who lives behind the erosion site. The erosion site was named after her as a reference point to the location where the erosion happened. It is located at Amaato Avuvu and it is the way out from the village. 

Insert:

Amachara is the home of Army Generals like General Simon Njoku and Frank okpara, Colonel George ogu, and a business man Ernest ihejirika and other wealthy sons and daughters. It was noted that the community has reached out to the government through these noble men, yet there is no intervention by the government in their community.

 The community has attempted several times to fix the road. The chairman of the community, Mr Emma Anyanwu disclosed that they have spent up to 670,000 naira which they generated from the community members. The community, through their meagre income generates money monthly and yearly to work on the road.

 (Insert voice)

 The youth leader of Amachara Avuvu, Mr Ndubueze Chigozie added that the youths of the community has made attempts to make the road motorable but all to no avail. They have called on the government of imo State and their prominent sons and daughters to intervene. They lamented that their community has been abandoned and neglected and they are only remembered when there is an election campaign.

 (Insert voice)

  It was gathered from the villagers that during the tenure of former governor of Imo State Rochas okorocha there was an attempt to reconstruct the road by the government, however it was abandoned and the contractors were last seen in the year 2022.

 (Insert voice)

 Meanwhile, a road construction in Avuvu which was carried out by NDDC which was expected to start from Amakohia and extend to Azaraegbelu was abandoned early last year. the community members who expressed their displeasure over the development added that they would have been happier if the construction continued, and extended to Azaregbelu as it will benefit the people of Amakohia and Amachara Avuvu.

While making enquiries on the factors that contributed to the bad state of the road at Avuvu Amachara. the youth leader disclosed that lack of good drainage system which helps in easily flow of water is one of the major factors. Another factor mentioned is urbanization. As the population of the people increases, number of houses increases as well. most of the houses were not built properly as they blocked water ways, preventing free flow of water when it rains. Farmers who farmed by the roadside also contribute to it in a large extent as the extend their planting to the road.

 (Insert voice)

The erosion has affected the business life of the people, especially people who trade in Owerri town. Due to the state of the road, businessmen and women can no longer sell off their products in town and it affects their businesses and steady income. The bad state of the road has increased the transportation fare in the community as commuters do not agree to ply the road, students and teachers are not left out as it prevents them from going to school.

(Insert voice)

The flood and erosion has affected crops planted at the Azunwuolu area and the community in their wisdom have decided to plant crops like plantain banana and raffia trees. The place has become a swampy area and there are wild animals living there making the place inhabitable and dangerous for the community members.

 (Insert voice)

 However the community members have expressed joy and happiness on seeing the members of omalicha FM in their community.

 (Insert voice)

They have called on the government,  sons and daughters of the community to come to their aid and they have also pleaded that good drainage system be built in their area which links to the village stream to reduce flooding and erosion. They added that the state government can also generate income from the community through sand excavation if the road is fixed.

Furthermore, if the government can work on rural roads that leads to villages and communities, it would offer better transportation facilities by creating linkages and increase the opportunities to access goods and services located in nearby villages or major towns and markets. It will boost agricultural activities and productivity and ensure diversification of agricultural activity, improve mobility and save time, make way for more livelihood opportunities, give access to education and socio-economic benefits.

 It goes without saying that rural roads are a key component of rural development.

Meanwhile, Omalicha 91.1fm, owerri, have contacted the Commissioner for works, Mr Ralph Nwosu to get his response on the state of roads in southeast region but due to his tight schedule he was not able to come on the show, but as soon as we are able to hear from him, we will let you know his response in our subsequent edition.

 This documentary was narrated by Rita Chikwe , produced by Stanley Akalaon. Executive Producer, Angela Agoawike, Station Manager, Peter Chima Egwuatu, Honorable Ikenna Ogoke, Station Engr Uwakwe Augustine Chinonso

Our thanks  to the  the community members, Mr Omenneji Ben Uka, Mr Emma Anyanwu, village chairman Amachara Avuvu, Elder Basil Monday Ogbede, the Youth leader, Mr Ndubueze Chigozie, Oke Nazareth Kabaka, Osuagwu Macdonald Ozioma and other members of the community.

 - a solution journalism report by STANLEY AKALONU

Insecurity has been a major challenge in Nigeria and south east zone is not left out.  In Imo stae, southeast Nigeria, this has adversely affected the lives and property of the people.

It is however, not a lost cause as putting in place security measures help enhance safety, prevent escalation of incidents, protect property, and generally, contribute to the overall feeling of well-being by individuals.

 Property and assets, which. having adequate security in place helps to prvent include buildings, publich equipment, and intellectual property, amonth others. Through surveillance, access control, and alarm systems, security professionals help expose theft, vandalism, and unauthorized access. Protecting assets contributes to the overall well-being and prosperity of businesses and communities.

 Having uniformed security personnel, can put a sense of trust and confidence in individuals. Knowing that security is in place helps to bring in trust in public institutions, organizations, and venues. It creates an environment where people feel comfortable and confident in their surroundings, encouraging social interactions and community engagement.

Omalicha radio investigated a slew of security issues that has struck some communities in Imo state and how it is being tackled.

 However, these communities have found a way to deal with the security which is an after impact of the damages it has caused.

We will be focusing on the people of emeabiam community in imo state and how insecurity has affected them and the measures they have taken to fight it.

One of the young girls in the community narrated how insecurity affects their movements even during the day and market women inclusive.  "security has affected the area I live and the market places around in unimmaginable ways.  Imagine the shopkeepers, because of fear, they cannot open their stores or keep their stores open till 7pm. Imagine walking on the road and it's just 8pm, but you are being harassed by cult boys, you can even be raped. You could be raped, especially for young women like me.,,"

Speaking to Mr. Charles Ndukwe one of the leaders of Emeabiam community of imo state who were invaded by people suspected to be armed herdsmen said they had tried to seek help from both the security agencies and their neighboring community but none came...

They further appealled to the state government to help them because according to them, they only see those in government people during elections and after the election, you won’t see them again which is making them suffer when it comes to security issues.

However, these communities have found a way to deal with this security which is an after impact of the crisis.

 Our findings show that one of the neighboring communities by name Nekede had similar security issues over the years but they were able to come together to help tackle the issues in unity including the cost implication. They are still benefiting from that cooperation it and living in peace. The youth leader Mr Festus had this to say, "the issue of security in our place was worrisome before now. But we now looked inward...people living abroad helped us, we registered our security outfit... to secure our community, mobilised them with matchets and guns which we registered with the community....Also, we have people living with us who are not from our community. We take their data to know, and monitor those coming in during the night..."

However, the people of Emeabiam seeing what their neighboring village did, have decided to adopt similar step, as their youth leader told us how he is trying to partner with the local vigilante from other communities and their people outside the country to also support them financially to solve the security issues affecting them while waiting for the government to help them.

Also speaking to us, they said they have taken it to heart to listen to security agencies and personnel’s as It’s important they monitor their environments closely.

They said they have learnt that not observing security rules can lead to more harmful incidence to both young and old in the community.

There have been several approach by security agencies in the state to fight insecurity in the local communities which includes sensitization of the people in crime related areas.

The PPRO of Imo state command ASP Henry Okoye gave us an insight on the strategies and approach the force is using to tackle insecurity in the state and the roles of the people, which include sharing information (voice) 

Enhanced collaboration with neighboring communities and partner with them dismantle criminal networks involved in kidnapping and other illicit activities. adequate training and equipping of security operatives, is important for enhancing operational effectiveness and responsiveness of security around us.

As individuals we should be watchful and observe our environment during the day and at night. Listen to news on radio, tv or known social media platforms to get information on security tips. Don’t keep late nights, come back home early and if you are to return home late, make sure you place an emergency call ahead for your safety. We should be careful of the kind of friends we keep and bring into our communities and envionment. With all of these measures put into place, we are making our environment a better and safer place to stay and live in.

 This report is brought to you by Omalicha 91.1FM with support from Nigeria Health Watch

Communal Participation In Solar Light Installation Addressing Infrastructure Gaps In South East Nigeria.

• a solution journalism report by AMARACHI ADIMUKO

Provision of basic infrastructures like building of schools, hospitals, construction of roads, provision of pipe borne water and electricity are the primary functions of the government. However, in Nigeria, these functions don’t get the required attention from the government and the South East is not an exemption.

Due to the infrastructure gaps in the South East, access to basic amenities have become an unreachable dream for some communities, thereby prompting citizens to ‘take the bull by the horn’ by carrying out community development projects directed towards bridging these gaps with or without government support. Community development simply means a practice where community members come together to makn on what’s important to them.

One of the major drivers of development is energy, it’s importance cannot be overemphasized. As we use it in the form of electricity to light up our homes, to cook and even in the hospitals, for the refrigeration of drugs. Electricity drives away acts of criminality which thrives undercover of darkness by increasing visibility while enhancing the beauty of the environment, it also improves the nightlife of the people and business activities especially at night.

Just like other states in the South East, most communities in Imo State are grappling with negligence from the government on basic amenities like, primary health centers, schools, roads and electricity. In response to this social problem in the area of lack of electricity, on 23^rd December 2023; the people of Umuihi a community in Ihitte Uboma L.G.A., of Imo State; inaugurated a solar light installation project which they tagged “Project Light up Umuihi” as a solution to lack of electricity in their community.

Umuihi is a community in Ihitte Uboma LGA located in the Okigwe North Senatorial zone of Imo State, the community has produced some prominent sons and daughters like the late wife of former governor Sam Mbakwe, Nwaeruru and the former speaker of the Imo State House of Assembly, the late senator Benjamin Uwajumogu.

In this report, we’re exploring the viability of the project, sustainability, it’s benefits to the community and challenges facing the project.

Speaking to the community Prime Minister who also happens to be the initiator of the project, Chief Romanus Ikechukwu Igwe, on the choice of the project and how long the community stayed without light, he stated that the community had electricity light but their street lights weren’t functioning due to the epileptic power supply in the country as they were connected to electricity.

The secretary of the project, Hon. Okonkwo Chukwunenye said that the community members are fully involved, starting from the installation and security, he also mentioned that the project is self sustaining…

The treasurer of the lighting project committee, Hon. Dr. Oluchi Igwe; spoke on reluctance as the major challenge encountered during the planning of the project.

The community dwellers expressed their joy and how the light has impacted in their day-to-day life…

The security officers in the community also spoke on how the light has made their works easier and their efforts towards securing the light from vandals.

The project manager, Rev. Fr. Onyedikachi Agoawike, said personal interest on the light location and logistics issues were the major problems he encountered during the installation of the light. He also stated that the lights were handed over to the security personnel and members of each village to ensure it’s sustainability, he also spoke on its impact on education and community nightlife.

While Vandalism and theft are the major problems of this kind of projects, I confirmed that even after over a year, the project is still functioning. Reason being that in most communities where this kind of project is being vandalized, they used the type of solar light that is installed in the ground, with bolts and poles, which the bolts and nuts can easily be loosed overnight and then vandalized. But in Umuihi, they fixed the solar lights on already existing electric poles, that means for it to be vandalized, the vandals needs a ladder and even if they succeed in getting one before they could climb up and down, they might’ve been caught already.

This project wouldn’t have been possible without the contribution of the sons and daughters of Umuihi in the community, outside the community, and in the diaspora, which further elaborates the importance of communal participation in community development. Therefore, other communities can actually follow the steps of Umuihi community, organize themselves and carry out developmental projects in their communities, it can be street light, pipe borne water, renovation of health centers etc.

With light illuminating the community, crime and the fear that it generates which impaires the quality of life of the people has been reduced in a significant number of members of the community, moving around freely even at night as they can see what is in front of them and not scared by hidden figures. So, street lighting can reduce crime disorder and fear among community dwellers while improving business and nightlife of the community.

  - This report by Omalicha 91.1fm - the voice for developmment, is supported by Nigeria Health Watch

By Benny Naza and Rita Chikwe

 Introduction – The Importance of Basic Education

Education is the foundation of any progressive society. It empowers individuals, fosters economic growth, and ensures a brighter future for generations to come. Basic education, in particular, is crucial as it shapes young minds, equips them with essential literacy and numeracy skills, and provides the foundation for higher learning and societal development.

 However, when access to quality basic education is compromised, the consequences are dire. A failing education system leads to high illiteracy rates, increased poverty, unemployment, and a rise in crime. Without proper education, children grow into adults who struggle to contribute meaningfully to society.

 Historically, Imo State has been recognized as one of the most literate states in Nigeria. For decades, it stood as a beacon of educational excellence, producing some of the brightest minds in the country. However, recent statistics paint a different picture—one of decline, neglect, and a failing system that threatens the future of its young population.

 The Challenges Facing Basic Education in Imo State

 Decaying Infrastructure in Public Schools

 One of the most pressing issues facing public schools in Imo State is the poor state of infrastructure. Many schools still operate in buildings that date back to the colonial era or the years immediately after Nigeria’s independence. These structures have not been renovated in decades, leaving them in a state of disrepair.

 Leaking roofs, broken windows, cracked walls, and in some cases, entire blocks collapsing, have become common sights in public schools. Renovations, when they do happen, are often done poorly, without consideration for quality or safety. Students are forced to learn in unhygienic and unsafe environments, which affects their concentration and overall learning experience.

 Lack of Security in Schools

 Security is another major concern. Many public schools are not fenced, and those with fences have broken walls that have never been repaired. This has made schools vulnerable to criminal activities. Hoodlums and drug addicts have turned some of these institutions into their hideouts, leaving behind drug paraphernalia that students often encounter in their classrooms.

 Even more alarming is the invasion of school premises by herdsmen and their cattle, sometimes during school hours. These incidents disrupt learning, instill fear in students and teachers, and highlight the failure of authorities to provide a safe learning environment.

 Severe Shortage of Teaching Staff

 Imo State’s public schools are facing a severe shortage of teachers. In many schools, one teacher is forced to handle multiple subjects across different classes, a workload that is both exhausting and ineffective. In some primary schools, there are only three teachers managing six classes.

 This shortage is largely due to the lack of teacher recruitment in the past five years, despite the retirement of many teachers during this period. In 2023, the state government announced plans to hire new teachers, but two years later, no progress has been made.

Poor Quality of Teaching and Lack of Training

The quality of teachers in public schools is also a growing concern. Due to the absence of regular training and retraining programs, many teachers are still using outdated teaching methods. With the world advancing in digital education and modern teaching techniques, Imo State’s public schools remain stuck in the past, depriving students of a competitive edge.

Lack of Educational Facilities and Teaching Aids

Beyond the lack of teachers, there is also a severe shortage of educational resources. Many schools do not have science or computer laboratories, fine arts studios or sports facilities. While global education systems are integrating modern technology into learning, many public schools in Imo lack even the most basic teaching aids.

The situation is so dire that some schools struggle to provide basic classroom materials like blackboards, whiteboards, chairs, and lockers. In some cases, two or more pupils are forced to share a single desk, while others sit on windowsills just to participate in class. Libraries, which should serve as learning hubs, are either nonexistent or have no book

The Shift to Private Schools and the Future of Education in Imo State

 Due to the deteriorating state of public schools, many parents have lost faith in the system and have opted for private schools, despite their high costs. Unfortunately, some of these private institutions are substandard, operating solely for profit without maintaining quality educational standards.

The state government has repeatedly promised to make education a priority, with fresh commitments made for 2025. However, residents remain skeptical, as past promises have yielded little to no results.

The question remains: Will Imo State reclaim its position as the most literate state in Nigeria, or will it continue on this downward spiral? The fate of thousands of children depends on the actions taken today.

 Conclusion

 Education is not just about building classrooms; it is about securing the future of a generation. The challenges facing basic education in Imo State are solvable, but they require urgent and genuine commitment from the government, stakeholders, and the entire community.

The people of Imo State have a choice: to demand change and accountability or to watch as their once-proud education system crumbles beyond repair. The time to act is now.

 Event was the eight edition of the African Women in the Media (AWiM24), Conference, an annual gathering of women from all genres of media practise - print, online and broadcast with participants that included media entrepreneurs, media managers, academics, students, professionals, bloggers, and civil society advocates. 

The women had all come together at the seaside Pullman Teranga hotel and over the two days, engaged in “an in-depth reflection, shared learnings and perspectives on different aspects of media sustainability including the economic and financial models of the media, the relationship between the media and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the evolutions of media ecologies, particularly with regard to artificial intelligence and the media.” This was in line with the overall theme of the Conference – Media and Sustainability.

The AWiM conference is a legacy event. It leverages past conferences to create a chain that lays bare, the challenges of the media in Africa, the role and portrayal of women in the media, and genuine efforts that have continued to be made towards building successful, virile, and free media to drive Africa’s development and democratic processes. 

With the above in mind, AWiM24 sub-themes touched on all areas that, when effectively handled, have the potential to make Africa’s media sustainable.  Topics discussed were made to align with the overall goal of sustainability of the media and they include: Approaches to media sustainability; Empowering success: Case studies in implementing successful business models; Developing business model and product strategy; Charting a course for media sustainability; Metaverse product and successful journalism; Engaging media as partners and generation equality commitment.

Still on sustainability, during the first session of the main plenary, the MDIF team, which included Oluwadara Ajala, Nolwazi Tusini, Lebogang Maphada and Sebenzile Nkambule took the gathering through the different Approaches to Media Sustainablity. The second session of the main plenary, moderated by Yemisi Akinbobola, was a discussion  on Empowering Success: Case Studiess in Implementing Effective Business Models for Media Organisations. I was privileged to be one of the discussants alongside Dorcas Taiwo, Karen Thorne andShirely Nimala Govender. 

One of the most important issues of discussion at 2024 edition of the Yemisi Akinbobola and Bamidele Ogunleye-led AWiM is the matter of monetising media businesses. While there are people who believe the media should not be monetised, for it to effectively play its watchdog role, a consensus among conference attendees centred on the survival of the media to enable it to be independent and better positioned to play its watchdog role. So, while news, which is a vehicle of trust for the media cannot, and should not be monetised, media products can be monetised as sources of independent funding for the media. However, in monetising media products, utmost care ought to be taken to avoid conflict of interest situations that have the potential to influence the media in the opposite direction. `

AWiM24, like previous editions, provided a continent-wide opportunity for networking for those that participated in it. Such networking are viable vehicles for people from different walks - of life, and different shades of colour to identify areas of agreement and common interest, and as well, how to stay afloat in the challenging economic climate in which Africa has found itself.  It reinforced the insight gained at the Media Investment Development Forum (MDIF Forum) in Thailand in 2023 ‘that beyond regular advertising, there are other ways one can keep media organisations in business by exploring opportunities that exists – such as provision of quality content and building a base of audience that provide patronage: exploring niche market opportunities, capitalising on such opportunities, and building alliances.